Patent RU2017658C1 — Vehicle (Electromagnetic Disc-Shaped Multipurpose Transatmospheric Craft)
Bibliographic Information
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Patent Number | RU2017658C1 |
| Title | Vehicle (Транспортное средство) |
| Inventor | Gennady Ivanovich Nesterov (Геннадий Иванович Нестеров) |
| Assignee | Gennady Ivanovich Nesterov (individual) |
| Filing Date | October 30, 1990 |
| Publication Date | August 15, 1994 |
| Priority Date | October 30, 1990 |
| Jurisdiction | Russia (RU) |
| Prior Art Cited | U.S. Patent No. 3,273,336 (Classification 60-35.6, 1966) |
Abstract
This document describes a multipurpose transport apparatus capable of operating in Earth's atmosphere, outer space, and underwater environments. The vehicle features an aerodynamically profiled axisymmetric body with insulating and magnetically transparent shells, housing a sectioned electromagnetic structure powered by a generation system. The device utilizes ionized medium flow, magnetohydrodynamic converters, and superconducting components to generate lift and propulsion. Key innovations include: energy systems with flywheel accumulators, reversible electrical machine converters, and the ability to operate as a "magnetohydrodynamic engine with external magnetic field." The apparatus can achieve speeds approaching 185,000 km/h and operate across multiple environmental media.
Claims (10 Total)
Claim 1: Transport apparatus containing aerodynamically profiled axisymmetric housing with insulating and magnetically transparent shells, an energy propulsion system with electric generating capabilities, conductive elements forming a sectioned electromagnetic structure interacting with external environment, and thrust creation means (storage, ionization, working fluid discharge). Distinguished by: energy system equipped with electrodes connected to power generators, parallel to conductive element sections in radial planes relative to housing axis symmetry; magnetohydrodynamic transducers connected via switching means to generating system; conductive elements positioned between inner insulating and outer magnetically transparent shells; electrodes mounted on outer shell.
Claim 2: System equipped with flywheel energy accumulators; electric generators designed as reversible electrical machine converters with shafts kinematically connected to flywheel accumulator shafts.
Claim 3: Electromagnetic structure sections made as zigzag-curved conductive elements whose contours are closed by solenoid windings connected via switching means to power generating system and positioned around apparatus perimeter.
Claim 4: Each magnetohydrodynamic converter consists of sequentially arranged: drive compressor (communicating with environment), fuel-to-ionized working fluid converter (with electrohydraulic spark gap), ejection device (vacuum chamber connected via automatic bypass valve to flywheel accumulator compartment), magnetohydrodynamic channel (with magnetic system connected to ejector output), and nozzle.
Claim 5: Conductive elements, generator windings, solenoid windings, and magnetohydrodynamic converter magnetic system windings all manufactured as superconducting components.
Claim 6: Apparatus equipped with external environment ionizers positioned in upper and lower housing sections.
Claim 7: Fuel tank connected to fuel-to-ionized working fluid converters, designed as hollow ring partitioned by magnetohydrodynamic converter quantity, positioned symmetrically in insulating shell relative to housing axis.
Claim 8: Water tank connected to fuel converters, made as hollow sectioned ring positioned symmetrically in insulating shell relative to housing axis symmetry.
Claim 9: Insulating and magnetically transparent shells configured as hollow disks with convex upper sections and concave lower sections.
Claim 10: Insulating and magnetically transparent shells connected around perimeter by hollow reinforcing ring containing solenoids and conductive element sections.
Technical Classifications
- B64G1/00 — Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22 — Equipment for cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/42 — Power supply systems
- B64G1/425 — Power storage (flywheels)
- B64G1/40 — Propulsion system arrangements
- B64G1/411 — Electric propulsion
- B64G1/413 — Ion or plasma engines
Key Technical Components
Electromagnetic Structure
16 sections (minimum 8) of zigzag-curved superconducting conductive elements with solenoid windings. The sections are arranged around the apparatus perimeter. The zigzag geometry maximizes conductor length per unit area, increasing the effective electromagnetic coupling with the external medium.
Power System
- Flywheel energy accumulators (referred to as "supermawings" in some translations)
- Superconducting ring solenoid for primary field generation
- Reversible electrical machine generators — kinematically connected to flywheel accumulator shafts, allowing energy recovery during deceleration
Propulsion System
8 magnetohydrodynamic converters, each containing:
- Drive compressor (intake from environment)
- Fuel-to-ionized-working-fluid converter with electrohydraulic spark gap
- Ejection device (vacuum chamber with automatic bypass valve)
- Magnetohydrodynamic channel with magnetic field system
- Nozzle (exhaust)
Fuel and water injection combined with high-voltage spark discharge create the ionized working fluid; the MHD channel accelerates this plasma electromagnetically via Lorentz body force (J × B) to produce thrust.
Ionization System
Hard ultraviolet laser ionizers positioned in upper and lower body sections. These pre-ionize the ambient medium (air, water, or space plasma) to provide sufficient conductivity for MHD coupling. The ionizers are critical for atmospheric operation at low ambient electron density.
Operational Media
- Gaseous (air): Atmospheric flight using ambient air as ionized working fluid
- Liquid (seawater): Submersible operation using seawater as conducting medium
- Vacuum: Space operation using on-board ionized propellant with superconducting field drive
Design Specifications
- Shell Configuration: Hollow disk with convex upper surface and concave lower surface — the lenticular profile optimized for Coandă-effect plasma sheath attachment
- Interior Layout: 17–20 concentric sections housing equipment, crew, fuel, water, and flywheels
- Maximum Speed: ~185,000 km/h in atmosphere (Mach ~150; the mechanism for this is plasma boundary-layer drag elimination)
- Crew Cabin: Isolated circular wheelhouse with life support and control systems
- Landing Gear: Telescopic force cylinders with support shoes, retractable in flight
Plasma Coandă-Effect Sheath
The lenticular disc cross-section (convex top, concave bottom per Claim 9) is aerodynamically optimized for Coandă-effect flow attachment when the craft generates a plasma sheath. Hot ionized gas ejected radially outward from the disc rim follows the curved surfaces (Coandă attachment), creating a high-velocity sheath that dramatically reduces drag at supersonic speeds. At hypersonic velocities, this produces the self-generated partial vacuum effect that enables the claimed maximum speed of 185,000 km/h without conventional aerodynamic lift surfaces.
Physics Mechanism Summary
The J × B Lorentz body force on the ionized working fluid (or external atmosphere/seawater):
f = J × B
where J is current density (established by the electrode/ionizer system) and B is the magnetic field (generated by the superconducting solenoid sections). This force accelerates the conducting medium rearward (or downward), propelling the craft forward (or upward) by reaction.
The key architectural innovation is the combination of:
- Superconducting components throughout (Claims 5) enabling high field strengths at modest power
- Flywheel energy accumulators (Claim 2) providing high instantaneous power for plasma discharge
- UV laser pre-ionization (Claim 6) ensuring adequate conducting medium in all environments
- Reversible generators enabling energy recovery during deceleration
Citations
- Google Patents: RU2017658C1
- Prior art: U.S. Patent No. 3,273,336 (Classification 60-35.6, 1966)
Patent text compiled from Google Patents. Machine-translated from Russian; original Russian text at the above URL.